- Argentinian
- Of or relating to or characteristic of Argentina or its people; "Argentinian tango"
- Brazilian
- Having to do with the country of Brazil. A country of eastern South America. The largest country in the continent, it was ruled by Portugal from 1500 to 1822, when it became a separate empire ruled by Pedro I, son of King John VI of Portugal. A republic was established in 1889. Brasília has been the capital since 1960; São Paulo is the largest city. Population: 153,725,000.
- Colombian
- Of or relating to or characteristic of Colombia or its people. A country of northwest South America with coastlines on the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. Previously inhabited by the Chibchas, it was settled by the Spanish in 1530s and formed the nucleus of the viceroyalty of New Granada after 1740. The area gained its independence from Spain in 1821 under the leadership of Simón Bolívar, but the modern state of Colombia did not emerge until after Venezuela and Ecuador (1830) and later Panama (1903) had become separate nations. Bogotá is the capital and the largest city. Population: 26,525,670.
- Costa Rican
- Of or relating to Costa Rica or its people. A country of Central America between Panama and Nicaragua. Although Christopher Columbus reached Costa Rica in 1502, Spanish conquest of the area did not begin until 1563. The country achieved independence from Spain in 1821 as part of Mexican territory and declared itself a sovereign republic in 1838. San José is the capital and the largest city. Population: 3,071,000.
- Ecuadorian
- Of or relating to or characteristic of Ecuador or its people; "Ecuadorian folklore". A country of northwest South America on the Pacific Ocean. Once part of the Incan Empire, it was conquered by the Spanish in 1534 and later became subject to Peru and New Granada. The area achieved independence from Spain in 1822 but formed a part of Greater Colombia until 1830, when it became a separate country. Quito is the capital and Guayaquil the largest city. Population: 11,221,000.
- Latin
- A member of a Latin people, especially a native or inhabitant of Latin America. Related to or derived from the people or culture of Spain.
- Mexican
- Of or relating to Mexico or its people, language, or culture. A country of south-central North America. Southern Mexico was the site of various advanced civilizations beginning with the Olmec and including the Maya, Zapotec, Toltec, Mixtec, and Aztec cultures. Mexico was conquered by Cortés in 1521 and held by the Spanish until 1821. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo that ended the Mexican War (1846-1848) awarded all lands north of the Rio Grande to the United States. Mexico City is the capital and the largest city. Population: 93,008,000.
- Peruvian
- Of or relating to or characteristic of Peru or its people. A country of western South America on the Pacific Ocean. Inhabited since at least the 9th millennium B.C., it was the center of an Incan empire established after the 12th century A.D. The Spanish under Pizarro conquered the empire in 1533 and set up in 1542 the viceroyalty of Peru, which at one time included Panama and all of Spanish South America except Venezuela. Peru achieved full independence from Spain in 1824. Lima is the capital and the largest city. Population: 23,088,000.
- Spanish
- Of or relating to Spain or its people or culture. A country of southwest Europe comprising most of the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic and Canary Islands. Inhabited since the Stone Age, the region was colonized by Phoenicians and Greeks and later ruled by Carthage and Rome (after 201 B.C.). Barbarians first invaded Spain in A.D. 409 but were supplanted by Moors from North Africa (711-719), who organized a kingdom known for its learning and splendor. The Moors were gradually displaced by small Christian states and were ousted from their last stronghold, Granada, in 1492. Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile then became rulers of a united Spain, which became a world power through exploration and conquest. After the empire was lost in the 18th and 19th centuries, Spain experienced social and economic unrest that culminated in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and the rise of Francisco Franco. After Franco's death in 1975 the monarchy was restored under King Juan Carlos, who oversaw the creation of a parliamentary democracy. Madrid is the capital and the largest city. Population: 39,143,000.
- Venezuelan
- Of or relating to or characteristic of Venezuela or its people; "Venezuelan oil". A country of northern South America on the Caribbean Sea. Inhabited by a variety of Arawakan and other peoples, the region was discovered by Columbus in 1498 and settled beginning in the 1520s, becoming part of the Spanish colony (later viceroyalty) of New Granada. Venezuela won independence in 1821 in federation with Colombia and Ecuador and broke away to form a separate country in 1830. Caracas is the capital and the largest city. Population: 21,177,000.
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